AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO POLICY EDUCATION

Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

Incomplete markets with no Hart points

We provide a geometric test of whether a general equilibrium incomplete markets (GEI) economy has Hart points---points at which the rank of the securities payoff matrix drops. Condition (H) says that, at each nonterminal node, there is an affine set (of appropriate dimension) that intersects all of a well-specified set of convex polyhedra. If the economy has Hart points, then Condition (H) is satisfied; consequently, if condition (H) fails, the economy has no Hart points. The shapes of the convex polyhedra are determined by the number of physical goods and the dividends of the securities, but are independent of the endowments and preferences of the agents. Condition (H) fails, and thus there are no Hart points, in interesting classes of economies with only short-lived securities, including economies obtained by discretizing an economy with a continuum of states and sufficiently diverse payoffs.Incomplete Markets, GEI model, Hart points

A Technique for Predicting Intraorganizational Action

This paper is addressed to the problem of forging a closer link between theoretical and empirical analysis of a given organization. An analytic research method and instrument capable of systematically transforming certain theoretical organizational concepts into operational form is presented. The technique and its instrumentation were designed to, when fitted with appropriate theoretical substantive variables, efficiently yet accurately describe, explain, and predict the consequences of changing specified organizational variables within an organization

An Interorganizational Approach to the Explanation of Community Development Activities

This paper presents an interorganizational theory that attempts to account for and explain the adoption and implementation of innovative ideas at the community level. A flow model is presented to show how organizational responses to an innovative idea occur. It provides for the identification of a relevant order of organizations whose unilateral responses to the innovation determine whether the idea is adopted and implemented or not. Another model on how organizations couple or come together in support of or opposition to the implementation of an innovative idea is presented. Finally, organizational conditions favorable for adoption of innovations within organizations are discussed

Community Cooperation and Development

The paper describes a phenomenological approach to the understanding and explanation of how people and organizations make the decision to become involved in community action. Three sufficient conditions to induce cooperation are presented. Community action is presented as the result of a cooperative system of people and organizations that choose to become involved independently, based on their absolute and dynamic values. A model for community involvement is described that includes a problem, the social structure, convergence of interest, and goal formation. Formation of effective initiating, recruitment, and execution sets is presented as an important consideration for all community action

Simultaneous measurements of particulate and gas-phase water-soluble organic carbon concentrations at remote and urban-influenced locations

The sources, sinks, and overall importance of watersoluble organic carbon (WSOC) in the atmosphere are not well understood. Although the primary historical focus has been on particulate WSOC (WSOCP), here we also present results obtained using a newly developed technique that additionally measures gas-phase water-soluble organic carbon (WSOCG). These first-of-their-kind measurements show that WSOCG can often be more than ten times larger than WSOCP at both urban and remote locations. The average fraction of WSOC residing in the gas phase (fg = WSOCG/(WSOCG + WSOCP)) at five various field sites ranged from 0.64 to 0.93, implying significant differences in WSOC phase partitioning between locations. At Houston, TX, and Summit, Greenland, a repeatable diurnal pattern was observed, with minimum values for fg occurring at night. These trends likely are due, at least in part, to temperature and/or relative humidity related gas-to-particle partitioning. These coincident measurements of WSOC in both the gas and particle phases indicate that a relatively large reservoir of water-soluble organic mass is not taken into account by measurements focused only on WSOCP. In addition, a significant amount of WSOCG is available to form WSOCP or enter cloud droplets depending on the chemical and physical properties of the droplets and/or aerosols present. Citation: Anderson, C., J. E. Dibb, R. J. Griffin, and M. H. Bergin (2008), Simultaneous measurements of particulate and gas-phase water-soluble organic carbon concentrations at remote and urban-influenced locations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L13706, doi:10.1029/2008GL033966

Routes to 11-Oxygenated Steroids From Ergosterol in a Projected Partial Synthesis of Cortisone

Abstract Not Provided

Some Effects of Temperature on the Growth of Chara zeylanica Willd

Members of the Characeae have been used extensively in various investigations including ion accumulation, cyclosis, and cytoplasmic permeability, yet investigations on mineral nutrition and the effects of light and temperature have been meager. Concerning temperature effects Karling, 1924, using cultures of Chara fragilis Desvaux, concluded that formation of reproductive structures depended primarily on the length of day, and secondarily on temperature. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine certain growth responses of another species of Chara to the influence of temperature

America's North Coast: A Benefit-Cost Analysis of a Program to Protect and Restore the Great Lakes

Examines the baseline ecological conditions of the Great Lakes and offers a plan for the area's environmental protection and restoration. Demonstrates how a restoration program can provide economic benefits that substantially exceed its costs